ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the baseline Widal titres in apparently healthy children in Davangere. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was done on 250 children. Widal titers were found using tube agglutination test. RESULTS: Out of 250,64.2% had a titre of less than 1:20,22.4% had a titre equal to 1:20,9.6% had a titre of 1:40 and 3.6% had a titre of 1:80 to 'O' antigen and 67.2% had a titre of less than 1:20, 21.2% had a titre equal to 1:20, 8% had a titre of 1:40 and 3.6% had a titre of 1:80 to 'H' antigen of S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhi. No children in age group 6 months-2 years had a titre of 1:80 to either antigen. All children in this age group had a titre of less than 1:20 to AH antigen and older children had a titre upto 1:40 dilution. CONCLUSION: Baseline titres for either S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhi antigen in 6 month-2 year was 1:40 and older children was 1:80. Baseline titres for H antigen of S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Paratyphi A in 6 month-2 year was less than 1:20 and for older children was 1:40 dilution.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Agglutination , Agglutination Tests , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Endemic Diseases , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Paratyphoid Fever/epidemiology , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Severity of Illness Index , Typhoid Fever/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Typhoid fever still continues to be a major public health problem around the world. A simple, reliable and affordable rapid diagnostic test has been a long felt need of the clinicians. We therefore prospectively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot test. METHODS: The study was carried out between January 2002 and December 2003, on a total of 563 samples from patients clinically suspected to have typhoid fever; blood culture as well as serum for Typhidot test were received. RESULTS: Of the 563 samples, Typhidot test and blood culture were positive in 36 patients, both the tests were negative for 503 patients. Typhidot test was positive for 9 patients with S. Paratyphi A infection. The sensitivity and specificity of the test using blood culture as gold standard were 92.3 and 98.8 per cent respectively for the typhoid fever. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Typhidot test is rapid, easy to perform and reliable test for diagnosing typhoid fever, useful for small less equipped laboratories as well as for those with better facilities.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antigens, Bacterial , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Humans , Paratyphoid Fever/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors , Typhoid Fever/diagnosisSubject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Paratyphoid Fever/epidemiology , Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunologySubject(s)
Humans , Typhoid Fever/prevention & control , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology , Antibody Formation , Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Treatment Outcome , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/administration & dosage , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Widal reaction was studied in 52 patients having malaria parasites in the peripheral blood smear. Twenty had Plasmodium vivax, 26 had Plasmodium falciparum and the rest had mixed (both vivax and falciparum) infections. Widal test for both O and H antigens of Salmonella typhi was positive in high titres in 3 falciparum, 3 vivax and 2 cases of mixed infection. Of these 8 cases, one had been treated for typhoid fever 3 months back and again one month back for relapse. Blood culture for Salmonella typhi was negative in all. All were cured after antimalarial therapy. The positive Widal reaction may be false.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Female , Humans , Malaria, Falciparum/blood , Malaria, Vivax/blood , Male , Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology , Salmonella paratyphi B/immunology , Salmonella typhi/immunologyABSTRACT
The diagnostic value of 19 clinical and laboratory events was assessed in 150 enteric fever cases. A logistic regression analysis revealed only 8 predicitive variables for the presence or absence of enteric fever. These were, in order of importance, the white blood cell count, the S. typhi H agglutinin titre, body temperature, the S. typhi O agglutinin titre, the S. paratyphi A H agglutinin titre, the S. paratyphi B H agglutinin titre, age and the fever pattern. This study showed that objective variables like the Widal titres were useful in predicting enteric fever, whilst symptoms such as abdominal pain were unhelpful. Use of all 8 variables to calculate the probability of enteric fever might provide an accurate method of diagnosing or confirming enteric fever when culture results are unavailable or negative.
Subject(s)
Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Regression Analysis , Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Typhoid Fever/diagnosisABSTRACT
Protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus was coupled to Salmonella C1, D and Vi monovalent antisera to produce C1-, D- and Vi-COAG reagents. The reagents were used to detect their homologous Salmonella antigens in blood cultures (BC). The D and Vi antigens were detected in 79 of 239 BC from patients with suspected typhoid fever and Salmonella typhi was later isolated from the same 79 BC. The C1 antigen was detected in 8 BC from which only S. oranienburg was later isolated. The COAG test was generally positive at the same time the BC became culture positive. However, because of subculture and biochemical identification requirements the COAG test could be interpreted 1-2 days before culture results were available. The COAG test can be used to presumptively identify Salmonella typhi and Salmonella group C1 in blood cultures before the culture results are available.